Integrated Pest Management Technologies(IPM)

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IPM is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage
through a combination of more than one technique in pest control such as biological control, habitat
manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties. Pesticides are used
only after monitoring indicates they are needed according to established guidelines, and treatments
are made with the goal of removing only the target organism.
IPM programs combine a holistic management approaches for greater effectiveness in crop
production and quality control of the following techniques:

• Biological control
  • Biological control is the use of natural enemies—predators, parasites, pathogens, and
    competitors—to control pests and their damage.
• Cultural controls
  • Cultural controls are practices that reduce pest establishment, reproduction, dispersal, and
    survival. For example, changing irrigation practices can reduce pest problems, crop rotation
• Mechanical and physical controls
  • Mechanical and physical controls kill a pest directly, block pests out, or make the
    environment unsuitable for it. Traps for Fruit flies, Rodents are examples of mechanical
    control. Physical controls include mulches for weed management, steam sterilization of the
    soil for disease management, or barriers such as screens to keep birds or insects out. Use of
    solar Bags to control pests
• Chemical control
  • Chemical control is the use of pesticides. In IPM, pesticides are used only when needed and
    in combination with other approaches for more effective, long-term control. This should be
    used as a last resort
    Pesticides are selected and applied in a way that minimizes their possible harm to people,
    non-target organisms, and the environment. With IPM you'll use the most selective pesticide
    that will do the job and be the safest for other organisms and for air, soil, and water quality;
    use pesticides in bait stations rather than sprays; or spot-spray a few weeds instead of an
    entire area.